Screening and bioinformatics analysis of key autophagy-related genes in alcoholic hepatitis / 器官移植

Objective To screen key autophagy-related genes in alcoholic hepatitis (AH) and investigate potential biomarkers and therapeutic targets for AH. Methods Two AH gene chips in Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) and autophagy-related data sets obtained from MSigDB and GeneCards databases were used, and the key genes were verified and obtained by weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA). The screened key genes were subject to gene ontology (GO), Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG), protein-protein interaction (PPI) and immune infiltration analyses. Messenger RNA (mRNA)- microRNA (miRNA) network was constructed to analyze the expression differences of key autophagy-related genes during different stages of AH, which were further validated by real-time fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) in the liver tissues of AH patients and mice. Results Eleven autophagy-related genes were screened in AH (EEF1A2, CFTR, SOX4, TREM2, CTHRC1, HSPB8, TUBB3, PRKAA2, RNASE1, MTCL1 and HGF), all of which were up-regulated. In the liver tissues of AH patients and mice, the relative expression levels of SOX4, TREM2, HSPB8 and PRKAA2 in the AH group were higher than those in the control group. Conclusions SOX4, TREM2, HSPB8 and PRKAA2 may be potential biomarkers and therapeutic targets for AH.

Inteligência artificial e saúde: ressituar o problema / Artificial intelligence and health: resituating the problem / Inteligencia artificial y salud: reubicar el problema

Diante dos avanços recentes da inteligência artificial, a presente nota de conjuntura busca recolocar questões fundamentais que emergem nesse contexto. Deslocando-se tanto das leituras salvacionistas quanto apocalípticas, argumentamos que a perda do privilégio do excepcionalismo humano pode ser uma oportunidade para repensar a inteligência a partir de uma perspectiva relacional e co-produzida entre humanos e outros-que-humanos. Tal perspectiva, no entanto, deve ser acompanhada de um olhar atento às relações de poder que em grande medida definem os destinos da IA. Sobre esse aspecto, apontamos as implicações do modelo epistêmico e de negócios hegemônico da IA, um modelo preditivo-aceleracionista dominado por grandes empresas de tecnologia. Finalmente, destacamos alguns riscos envolvidos na inclusão de máquinas inteligentes no campo da saúde, bem como os perigos da subordinação de valores e direitos públicos a interesses comerciais, o que demanda uma atenção e um cuidado coletivos e permanentes na construção dos arranjos sociotécnicos e políticos de implementação da IA nesse campo

In the face of artificial intelligence recent advances, this note seeks to reassess fundamental questions that emerge in this context. Moving away from both salvationist and apocalyptic readings, we argue that the human exceptionalism privilege loss can be an opportunity to rethink intelligence from a relational and co-produced perspective between humans and other-than-humans. Such an angle, however, must be accompanied by a careful examination of the power relations that largely define the fate of AI. On this aspect, we reflect on the implications of the hegemonic epistemic and business model of AI, a predictive accelerationist one dominated by large technology companies. Lastly, we highlight the risks involved in the inclusion of intelligent machines in the fields of health and care, as well as the dangers of subordinating public values and rights to commercial interests, which demands attentive, collective and permanent care in the construction of sociotechnical and political arrangements for the implementation of AI in this field.

Ante los recientes avances de la inteligencia artificial, el presente informe busca plantear cuestiones fundamentales que surgen en este contexto. Alejándose tanto de las lecturas salvacionistas como apocalípticas, argumentamos que la pérdida del privilegio del excepcionalismo humano puede ser una oportunidad para repensar la inteligencia desde una perspectiva relacional y co-producida entre humanos y otros-que-humanos. Sin embargo, tal perspectiva debe ir acompañada de una mirada atenta a las relaciones de poder que en gran medida definen el destino de la IA. En este aspecto, señalamos las implicaciones del modelo epistémico y de negocios hegemónico de la IA, un modelo predictivo-aceleracionista dominado por grandes empresas tecnológicas. Por último, destacamos algunos riesgos de la inclusión de máquinas inteligentes en el campo de la salud, así como los peligros de subordinar valores y derechos públicos a intereses comerciales, lo cual requiere una atención y un cuidado colectivos y permanentes en la construcción de los ensamblajes sociotécnicos y políticos de implementación de la IA en este campo

Automated extraction of information from free text of Spanish oncology pathology reports

Background: Pathology reports are stored as unstructured, ungrammatical, fragmented, and abbreviated free text with linguistic variability among pathologists. For this reason, tumor information extraction requires a significant human effort. Recording data in an efficient and high-quality format is essential in implementing and establishing a hospital-based-cancer registry Objective: This study aimed to describe implementing a natural language processing algorithm for oncology pathology reports. Methods: An algorithm was developed to process oncology pathology reports in Spanish to extract 20 medical descriptors. The approach is based on the successive coincidence of regular expressions. Results: The validation was performed with 140 pathological reports. The topography identification was performed manually by humans and the algorithm in all reports. The human identified morphology in 138 reports and by the algorithm in 137. The average fuzzy matching score was 68.3 for Topography and 89.5 for Morphology. Conclusions: A preliminary algorithm validation against human extraction was performed over a small set of reports with satisfactory results. This shows that a regular-expression approach can accurately and precisely extract multiple specimen attributes from free-text Spanish pathology reports. Additionally, we developed a website to facilitate collaborative validation at a larger scale which may be helpful for future research on the subject.

Introducción: Los reportes de patología están almacenados como texto libre sin estructura, gramática, fragmentados o abreviados, con variabilidad lingüística entre patólogos. Por esta razón, la extracción de información de tumores requiere un esfuerzo humano significativo. Almacenar información en un formato eficiente y de alta calidad es esencial para implementar y establecer un registro hospitalario de cáncer. Objetivo: Este estudio busca describir la implementación de un algoritmo de Procesamiento de Lenguaje Natural para reportes de patología oncológica. Métodos: Desarrollamos un algoritmo para procesar reportes de patología oncológica en Español, con el objetivo de extraer 20 descriptores médicos. El abordaje se basa en la coincidencia sucesiva de expresiones regulares. Resultados: La validación se hizo con 140 reportes de patología. La identificación topográfica se realizó por humanos y por el algoritmo en todos los reportes. La morfología fue identificada por humanos en 138 reportes y por el algoritmo en 137. El valor de coincidencias parciales (fuzzy matches) promedio fue de 68.3 para Topografía y 89.5 para Morfología. Conclusiones: Se hizo una validación preliminar del algoritmo contra extracción humana sobre un pequeño grupo de reportes, con resultados satisfactorios. Esto muestra que múltiples atributos del espécimen pueden ser extraídos de manera precisa de texto libre de reportes de patología en Español, usando un abordaje de expresiones regulares. Adicionalmente, desarrollamos una página web para facilitar la validación colaborativa a gran escala, lo que puede ser beneficioso para futuras investigaciones en el tema.

Differential gene expression analysis in germinating and dormant teliospores of Tilletia indica using RNA seq approach

Karnal bunt of wheat is an important quarantine disease that interrupts India’s wheat trade in the international market. The whole transcriptome of germinating and dormant teliospores of Tilletia indica was performed using the RNA Seq approach to identify germination-related genes. Approximately 63 million reads were generated using the RNA sequencing by the Illumina NextSeq500 platform. The high-quality reads were deposited in NCBI SRA database (accession: PRJNA522347). The unigenes from the pooled teliospores were 16,575 having unigenes length of 28,998,753 bases. The high-quality reads of germinating teliospores mapped on to 21,505 predicted CDSs. 9,680 CDSs were common between dormant and germinating teliospores of T. indica. 11,825 CDSs were found to be in germinating teliospores while only 91 were unique in dormant spores of pathogen. The pathway analysis showed the highest number of pathways was found in germinating spores than dormant spores. The highest numbers of CDSs were found to be associated with translation (431 in number), transport and catabolism (340), signal transduction (326), and carbohydrate metabolism (283). The differential expression analysis (DESeq) of germinating and dormant teliospores showed that 686 CDS were up-regulated and 114 CDS were down-regulated in the germinating teliospores. Significant germination-related genes in the spores were validated using qPCR analysis. Ten genes viz. Ti3931, Ti6828, Ti7098, Ti7462, Ti7522, Ti 9289, Ti 8670, Ti 7959, Ti 7809,and Ti10095 were highly up-regulated in germinated teliospores which may have role in germination of spores.Further, these differentially expressed genes provide insights into the molecular events. This first study of transcriptome will be helpful to devise better management strategies to manage Karnal bunt disease.

O percurso categorial da natureza e da história: pertinência para os estudos sobre o ser social e sua corporeidade no âmbito da Educação Física / The categorical path of nature and history: relevance for studies on the social being and its corporeality in the scope of Physical Education / El camino categórico de la naturaleza y la historia: relevancia para los estudios sobre el ser social y su corporeidad en el ámbito de la Educación Física

O presente trabalho acompanha o desenvolvimento das categorias natureza e história no pensamento filosófico-social ocidental até o século XVIII. O estudo centrado nestas categorias as entendem como importantes pressupostos para uma ontologia do ser social marxiana-lukasciana. Também entende como necessária a revisão da elaboração destes fundamentos para se compreender o corpo e a corporeidade humana constituídos no complexo relacional destas categorias. Conclui-se que a antinomia entre o natural e histórico-social neste período não possui resoluções concretas e satisfatórias para o entendimento do complexo, mas é possível observar a tentativa de cisão e superação da natureza pelo espírito racional.

This present paper follows the development of the nature and history categories in Western social-philosophical thought until the 18th century. The study focused on these categories, understanding them as important assumptions for a Marxian-Lukascian ontology of social being. It is also understood as necessary to review the elaboration of these foundations in order to understand the human body and corporeality constituted in the relational complex of these categories. It is concluded that the antinomy between the natural and the historical-social in this period does not have concrete and satisfactory resolutions for the understanding of the complex, but it is possible to observe the attempt to split and overcome nature by the rational spirit.

Este ensayo sigue el desarrollo de las categorías naturaleza e historia en el pensamiento socio-filosófico occidental hasta el siglo XVIII. El estudio centrado en estas categorías, las entiende como presupuestos importantes para una ontología del ser social presente en la obra de Marx, Engels y Lukács. Entiende también como necesaria, la revisión de la elaboración de estos fundamentos para comprender el cuerpo y la corporeidad humana constituida en el complejo relacional de estas categorías. Se concluye que la antinomia entre lo natural y lo histórico-social en este período no tiene resoluciones concretas y satisfactorias para la comprensión del complejo, pero es posible observar el intento de escisión y superación de la naturaleza por parte del espíritu racional.

O percurso constitutivo da ontologia Marxiana-Lukacsiana: apontamentos pertinentes para o debate gnosiológico-epistemológico sobre a corporeidade humana / The path of constitution of the Marxian-Lukacsian ontology: relevance for the gnosiological and epistemological debate on human corporeity / El camino de constitución de la ontología Marxiano-Lukácsiana: relevancia para el debate gnosiológico y epistemológico sobre la corporeidad humana

RESUMO A presente exposição objetiva, através da apresentação do percurso de constituição da ontologia marxiana-lukasciana, extrair considerações iniciais críticas às teorias sociais modernas que são fundamentos teórico-epistemológicos para os estudos sobre a corporeidade humana. Aportado em uma pesquisa doutoral qualitativa de cunho teórico-bibliográfica, centra-se aqui na revisão que Lukács realizou sobre as teorias antiontológicas e aquelas que reivindicavam uma ontologia do ente presentificado no cotidiano. Conclui-se provisoriamente que a detecção dos problemas e limites das abordagens investigadas, em especial, uma noção demasiada abstrata do Ser, possam ser pertinentes para a análise da produção dos estudos sobre a corporeidade desenvolvidos na Educação Física.

ABSTRACT This exposition aims, through the presentation of the path of constitution of the Marxian-Lukascian ontology, to extract initial critical considerations to modern social theories that are theoretical-epistemological foundations for studies on human embodiment. Based on a qualitative doctoral research of a theoretical-bibliographic nature, it focuses here on the review that Lukács carried out on anti-ontological theories and those that claimed an ontology of the being present in everyday life. It is provisionally concluded that the detection of the problems and limits of the investigated approaches, in particular, an overly abstract notion of Being, may be relevant for the analysis of the production of studies on embodiment developed in Physical Education.

RESUMEN Esta exposición pretende, a través de la presentación del camino de constitución de la ontología marxiano-lukasciana, extraer consideraciones críticas iniciales a las teorías sociales modernas que son fundamentos teórico-epistemológicos para los estudios sobre la corporeidad humana. A partir de una investigación doctoral cualitativa de carácter teórico-bibliográfico, se centra aquí en la revisión que Lukács realizó sobre las teorías antiontológicas y aquellas que reivindicaban una ontología del ser presente en la vida cotidiana. Se concluye provisionalmente que la detección de los problemas y límites de los enfoques investigados, en particular, una noción excesivamente abstracta del Ser, puede ser relevante para el análisis de la producción de estudios sobre la corporeidad desarrollados en Educación Física.

Construction of Literature Knowledge Ontology for Traditional Chinese Medicine Clinical Trials： A Review / 中国实验方剂学杂志

ObjectiveTo effectively organize the interdisciplinary knowledge of traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） and evidence-based medicine contained in the clinical trial literature of TCM and facilitate the processing and mapping of multi-source data， this paper organized the knowledge of clinical trial literature of TCM by ontology modeling. MethodThe seven-step method and skeleton method were used to develop the ontology. After the structure and language characteristics of TCM clinical trial literature were analyzed， the ontological and non-ontological resources such as top-level framework of Scientific Evidence and Provenance Information Ontology （SEPIO） and TCM language system （TCMLS） were reused to determine the domain concepts and attribute relationship. Finally， the core concepts and attribute relationship such as disease， syndrome， symptom， grouping， intervention measures， outcome indicators and literature quality information were determined. ResultThe information contained in the clinical trial literature of TCM was divided into five categories. According to the Cochrane risk of bias assessment tool and CONSORT 2010 statement， the literature quality evaluation information was mapped to the ontology， and a total of 68 categories， 8 object attributes， and 38 data attributes were established， which basically realized the structured expression of clinical trial literature. ConclusionThe ontology of TCM clinical trial literature constructed in this study can well organize， utilize， and present the construction and association of internal knowledge system in TCM clinical trial literature， underpinning the reasoning of strength of evidence and information of diagnosis and treatment in the future.

Research on ontology construction of acupuncture effect based on ISO/TS 16843-6: 2022 / 中国针灸

In order to specify the information expression of acupuncture effect and realize the knowledge reuse and sharing, in view of animal experiments and clinical trials, the relevant knowledge of acupuncture effect is allocated. Using seven-step method and Protégé5.5.0 tool, the ontology of acupuncture effect is constructed on the base of ISO/TS 16843-6: 2022. A total of 199 classes are constructed, including 7 categories (acupuncture point, acupuncture therapy, needling method, biological process, genes and gene products, disorder, and anatomic structure), 12 object properties, 1 108 instances and 5 123 axioms. A semantic network with the characteristics of acupuncture and moxibustion is established and the structured expression for the knowledge of acupuncture effects is obtained, which lays the foundation for the innovation and development in the field of acupuncture and moxibustion.

O sexo em psicanálise como ontologia negativa / El sexo en el psicoanálisis como ontología negativa / Sex in psychoanalysis as a negative ontology

RESUMO O objetivo deste artigo é defender a tese de que o sexo em psicanálise apresenta caráter ontologicamente negativo. Desde Freud, sabemos que sexo não se restringe a práticas específicas nem se aferra a objetos predeterminados - sexo é encarado como pulsional; sendo assim, perverso, polimorfo e infantil. Desta feita, trata-se de um objeto não positivado e que se manifesta em fenômenos negativos, como as formações do inconsciente - sexo, inconsciente e não saber estão intimamente associados. O impasse ontológico radical concernente ao sexo compõe os desenvolvimentos lacanianos referentes ao desejo e ao gozo. Ater-se à espécie de negatividade que lhe é própria permite extrair outras consequências do aforismo 'não há relação sexual' - para além da ideia de obstáculo ou impedimento, problematiza-se a face ontológica negativa da não relação, correspondente à ligação entre simbólico e real e que pode ser formalizada no matema S (Ⱥ). O artigo também põe em destaque incidências clínicas desta proposta - reconhecer a irredutibilidade ontológica da negação nos desvia das determinações positivas que sustentam normatizações identitárias em horizonte clínico.

RESUMEN El objetivo de este artículo es defender la tesis de que el sexo en el psicoanálisis tiene un carácter ontológicamente negativo. Desde Freud hemos sabido que el sexo no se limita a prácticas específicas, ni se aferra a objetos predeterminados: el sexo es visto como pulsional; así, perverso, polimorfo e infantil. Esta vez, es un objeto no positivo que se manifiesta en fenómenos negativos, como las formaciones del inconsciente: el sexo, el inconsciente y el no-saber están estrechamente asociados. El impasse ontológico radical sobre el sexo constituye el desarrollo lacaniano sobre el deseo y el goce. Cumplir con su propio tipo de negatividad nos permite extraer otras consecuencias del aforismo 'no hay relación sexual': más allá de la idea de obstáculo o impedimento, el aspecto ontológicamente negativo de la no-relación, correspondiente al vínculo entre lo simbólico y lo real, se problematiza. Este marco teórico se puede formalizar en el matema S (Ⱥ). El artículo también destaca las implicaciones clínicas de esta propuesta: reconocer la irreductibilidad ontológica de la negación nos desvía de las determinaciones positivas que sustentan las normas de identidad en el horizonte clínico.

ABSTRACT The purpose of this article was to defend the thesis that sex in psychoanalysis has an ontologically negative character. Since Freud, we have known that sex is not limited to specific practices or attached to predetermined objects - sex is seen as instinctual; therefore, perverse, polymorphous and childish. In this case, it is a non-positivized object that manifests itself in negative phenomena, such as the formations of the unconscious - sex, unconscious and not-knowing are intimately associated. The radical ontological impasse concerning sex makes up the Lacanian developments concerning desire and jouissance. Keeping to the negativity that is proper to it allows to draw other consequences from the aphorism 'there is no sexual relationship' - in addition to the idea of obstacle or impediment, the negative ontological face of non-relation is problematized, corresponding to the link between symbolic and real, which can be formalized in the matheme S (Ⱥ). The article also highlights clinical incidences of this proposal - recognizing that ontological irreducibility of negation diverts us from positive determinations that support identity norms in the clinical horizon.

Ética, ontologia y epistemología del cuidado de enfermería para con el paciente con enfermedad renal / Ethics, ontology and epistemology of nursing care for patients with kidney disease / Ética, ontologia e epistemologia dos cuidados de enfermagem para o paciente com doença renal

Los ensayos y escritos relacionados con el cuidado del paciente renal a través de los años se han enfocado a la calidad de vida, estilos de afrontamiento, satisfacción o percepciones que experimentan los pacientes durante su enfermedad. El presente articulo pretende reconocer que el cuidado de enfermería para con el paciente renal es un aspecto fundamental que proporciona al profesional la comprensión de la realidad del paciente y contribuye de manera positiva a comprender la realidad de enfermería como disciplina; enmarcadas en algunas posiciones que permiten garantizar su significado. Estas posiciones son la ética, la ontología y la epistemología. La ética se logra cuando el profesional de enfermería consigue proteger y respetar la dignidad humana del paciente renal que reciben atención de salud, la ontología se ocupa de reflexionar acerca de las concepciones de la realidad y sus relaciones centrando su finalidad en la búsqueda de la salud, del bienestar, la independencia y la trascendencia del paciente renal y la epistemología consiste en mostrar, de manera holística, la evolución del conocimiento de la enfermería para brindar un cuidado de excelencia al paciente renal.

Abstract Over the years, essays and writings related to kidney patient care have focused on quality of life, coping styles, satisfaction, or perceptions experienced by patients during their illness. This article aims to recognize that nursing care for kidney patients is a fundamental aspect that provides the professional with an understanding of the patient's reality and contributes positively to understanding the reality of nursing as a discipline framed in some positions that guarantee their meaning. These positions are ethics, ontology, and epistemology. Ethics is achieved when the nursing professional manages to protect and respect the human dignity of kidney patients who receive health care. Ontology deals with reflecting on the conceptions of reality and their relationships, focusing its purpose on the search for health, well-being, independence, and transcendence of kidney patients. And epistemology consists of showing, in a holistic way, the evolution of nursing knowledge to provide excellent care to kidney patients.

Resumo: Ensaios e escritos relacionados com os cuidados aos pacientes renais ao longo dos anos têmse focado na qualidade de vida, estilos de enfrentamento, satisfação ou percepções que os pacientes experimentam durante a sua doença. Este artigo tem como objetivo reconhecer que o cuidado de enfermagem para o doente renal é um aspecto fundamental que proporciona ao profissional uma compreensão da realidade do doente e contribui positivamente para a compreensão da realidade da enfermagem como disciplina; emoldurado em algumas posições que permitem garantir seu significado. Estas posições são ética, ontologia e epistemología. A ética é alcançada quando o profissional de enfermagem consegue proteger e respeitar a dignidade humana do paciente renal que recebe cuidados de saúde, a ontologia se preocupa em refletir sobre as concepções da realidade e as suas relações centrando o seu propósito na procura de saúde, bem-estar, independência e transcendência do paciente renal e epistemologia consiste em mostrar, holisticamente, a evolução do conhecimento de enfermagem para prestar um excelente cuidado ao paciente renal.

Ontologia(s) da violência no futebol: por um estudo (in)disciplinado de um fenômeno social / Ontology(s) of violence in football: for an (in)disciplined study of a social phenomenon / Ontología(s) de la violencia en el fútbol: para un estudio (in)disciplinado de un fenómeno social

Este ensaio desenvolve uma reflexão, de caráter ontológico, sobre os conflitos violentos envolvendo torcedores de futebol e discute a pertinência da abordagem interdisciplinar para o estudo dos mesmos. Para isso, em um primeiro momento, problematiza a noção de interdisciplinariedade a partir de questionamentos trazidos pelo antirealismo ontológico e discute as contribuições e limites dessa proposta para a compreensão da violência no futebol. Em seguida, argumenta a favor de uma abordagem (in)disciplinada de tal violência. Abordagem que não se limita a multiplicar os olhares sobre ela, mas multiplica suas formas de existir. Abordagem que reconhece a relevância de saberes locais e que busca examinar as práticas que transformam a violência no futebol em um objeto do conhecimento.

This essay develops an ontological reflection on violent conflicts involving football fans, as well as discusses the relevance of the interdisciplinary approach to the research this subject. To do so, at first, it problematizes the notion of interdisciplinarity from questions brought by ontological antirealism and discusses the contributions and limits of this proposal for understanding violence in football. Then, it argues in favour of an (in)disciplined approach to such violence. An approach that does not merely multiply the ways of looking at it, but also multiplies its ways of existing. An approach that recognises the relevance of local knowledge and seeks to examine the practices that turn football violence into an object of knowledge.

Este ensayo desarrolla una reflexión, de carácter ontológico, sobre los conflictos violentos que involucran a los aficionados al fútbol y discute la relevancia del enfoque interdisciplinario para el estudio de los mismos. Para ello, en un primer momento, se problematiza la noción de interdisciplinariedad a partir de los cuestionamientos que trae el antirealismo ontológico y se discuten los aportes y límites de esta propuesta para la comprensión de la violencia en el fútbol. A continuación, argumenta a favor de un enfoque (in)disciplinado de dicha violencia. Un enfoque que no se limita a multiplicar las formas de mirar, sino que multiplica sus formas de existir. Un enfoque que reconoce la relevancia del conocimiento local y busca examinar las prácticas que convierten la violencia en el fútbol en un objeto de conocimiento.

Construction and application of knowledge graph of Treatise on Febrile Diseases / 数字中医药（英文）

Objective@#To establish the knowledge graph of “disease-syndrome-symptom-method-formula” in Treatise on Febrile Diseases (Shang Han Lun,《伤寒论》) for reducing the fuzziness and uncertainty of data, and for laying a foundation for later knowledge reasoning and its application.@*Methods@#Under the guidance of experts in the classical formula of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), the method of “top-down as the main, bottom-up as the auxiliary” was adopted to carry out knowledge extraction, knowledge fusion, and knowledge storage from the five aspects of the disease, syndrome, symptom, method, and formula for the original text of Treatise on Febrile Diseases, and so the knowledge graph of Treatise on Febrile Diseases was constructed. On this basis, the knowledge structure query and the knowledge relevance query were realized in a visual manner. @*Results@#The knowledge graph of “disease-syndrome-symptom-method-formula” in the Treatise on Febrile Diseases was constructed, containing 6 469 entities and 10 911 relational triples, on which the query of entities and their relationships can be carried out and the query result can be visualized. @*Conclusion@#The knowledge graph of Treatise on Febrile Diseases systematically realizes its digitization of the knowledge system, and improves the completeness and accuracy of the knowledge representation, and the connection between “disease-syndrome-symptom-treatment-formula”, which is conducive to the sharing and reuse of knowledge can be obtained in a clear and efficient way.

Aspectos controversos de uma interpretação do giro linguístico sobre a ontologia de lukács como referência crítica na educação física / Aspectos controvertidos de una interpretación del giro lingüístico sobre la ontología de lukács como referencia crítica en la educación física / Controversial aspects of an interpretation of the language turn on the ontology of lukács as a critical reference in physical education

O presente artigo se justifica pela identificação de limites e reducionismos encontrados na interpretação e descrição, oferecidas pela crítica dos giros linguísticos, sobre o que chamam de:"atividade epistemológica em Educação Física" por uma denominada "reação ontológica". O objetivo não é apenas se contrapor, mas demonstrar na discussão ora apresentada os possíveis equívocos em relação à crítica ontológica realizada ao filósofo György Lukács no campo da Educação Física. Para tanto, buscamos os artigos envolvidos no debate, destacando nossa investigação e análise em relação ao estudo de Almeida e Vaz(2010), intitulado: "Do giro linguístico ao giro ontológico na atividade epistemológica em Educação Física". (AU)

Este artículo se justifica por la identificación de límites y reduccionismos encontrados en la interpretación y descripción ofrecidas por la crítica de los giros lingüísticos sobre lo que denominan: "actividad epistemológica en Educación Física" por una llamada "reacción ontológica". El objetivo no es solo contraponerse, sino demostrar en la discusión aquí presentada los posibles malentendidos en relación a la crítica ontológica realizada al filósofo György Lukács en el campo de la Educación Física. Para ello, buscamos los artículos involucrados en el debate, destacando nuestra investigación y análisis en relación al estudio de Almeida y Vaz (2010), titulado: "Del giro lingüístico al giro ontológico en la actividad epistemológica en Educación Física". (AU)

This article is justified by the identification of limits and reductionisms found in the interpretation and description, offered by the critique of linguistic turns, about what they call: "epistemological activity in Physical Education" by a so-called "ontological reaction". The objective is not only to oppose, but to demonstrate in the discussion presented here the possible misunderstandings in relation to the ontological critique made to the philosopher György Lukács in the field of Physical Education. Therefore, we searched the articles involved in the debate, highlighting our investigation and analysis in relation to the study by Almeida and Vaz (2010), titled: "From the linguistic turn to the ontological turn in the epistemological activity in Physical Education". (AU)

Descripción y análisis de las cadenas de contagio de COVID-19 a partir de las ontologías / Description and analysis of COVID-19 contagion chains from an ontological perspective

La COVID-19 es una enfermedad causada por el virus SARS-COV2, la cual ha provocado la muerte de miles de personas en todo el mundo. La alta transmisibilidad es uno de los factores que dificulta considerablemente su contención. El análisis de las cadenas de contagio podría ofrecer elementos de interés, tanto para los estudios virológicos como epidemiológicos. Por otra parte, las ontologías se han convertido en una tecnología ampliamente aceptada para la representación del conocimiento y su correspondiente análisis. En ese sentido, el objetivo de este trabajo fue presentar un modelo ontológico para la representación y el análisis de las cadenas de contagio por COVID-19. La ontología fue desarrollada con el lenguaje OWL (Web Ontology Language), el cual es un lenguaje formal basado en lógicas descriptivas. Por lo tanto, esta propuesta podría ayudar a inferir conocimiento sobre las cadenas de contagios y así contribuir a la lucha que lleva a efecto la comunidad científica contra la COVID-19. La adopción de esta propuesta contribuirá a agilizar el análisis de las cadenas de contagio, así como a profundizar en la búsqueda de rasgos que pudieran pasar inadvertidos utilizando otros enfoques(AU)

COVID-19 is a disease caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus which has killed thousands of people worldwide. Its high transmissibility is a factor that considerably hinders its containment. The analysis of contagion chains could provide elements of interest for both virological and epidemiological studies. On the other hand, ontologies have become a widely accepted technology for knowledge representation and its corresponding analysis. The purpose of the study was to present an ontological model for the representation and analysis of COVID-19 contagion chains. The model was developed in OWL (Web Ontology Language), a formal language based on descriptive logics. The proposal could therefore be useful to infer knowledge about contagion chains, thus contributing to the struggle of the scientific community against COVID-19. Adoption of this proposal will help speed up the analysis of contagion chains, as well as gain insight into the search for features which could go unnoticed if other approaches are used(AU)

Programación intrauterina de enfermedad en la vida adulta: identificación de genes cardinales asociados a hipertensión arterial, obesidad y síndrome metabólico / Intrauterine Programming of Adult Disease: Identification of Cardinal Genes Associated with Hypertension, Obesity and Metabolic Syndrome

RESUMEN Introducción: La restricción del crecimiento intrauterino es una alteración del desarrollo fetal que se caracteriza por una tasa de crecimiento durante la etapa fetal que es menor al potencial genético de crecimiento para la edad gestacional. Esta condición plantea una carga importante para la salud pública, ya que aumenta la morbimortalidad de la descendencia, a corto y a largo plazo, particularmente, por asociarse al desarrollo de enfermedad cardiovascular y metabólica en la vida adulta. Objetivos: Mediante el uso de herramientas bioinformáticas nos propusimos identificar posibles genes cardinales involucrados en la restricción del crecimiento intrauterino asociados al desarrollo de obesidad, hipertensión arterial y síndrome metabólico. Material y métodos: Obtuvimos un total de 343 genes involucrados en los fenotipos de interés e identificamos 20 genes que resultaron significativamente relevantes en el análisis de la red de interacción. Particularmente, cuatro de estos genes identificados codifican para factores de crecimiento o sus receptores, VEGFA, PDGFRB, IGF1R y EGFR. Además, identificamos genes relacionados con la insulina y el control de la homeostasis cardiovascular, como son el CTNNB1, APP, MYC y MDMD2. Por otra parte, el análisis de clústeres permitió reconocer los términos de ontología genética más significativos, entre los que se destacan aquellos relacionados con procesos biológicos de proliferación y muerte celular programada, de comunicación intercelular, del metabolismo proteico, y de desarrollo del sistema cardiovascular. Conclusiones: Los genes hallados en este estudio podrían ser de utilidad como biomarcadores putativos de la presencia de alteraciones cardiovasculares y metabólicas asociadas a la restricción del crecimiento intrauterino o potenciales blancos terapéuticos de estrategias de tratamiento orientadas al genotipo del paciente.

ABSTRACT Background: Intrauterine growth restriction is an abnormal fetal development characterized by a fetal growth rate lower than the potential genetic growth for the gestational age. This condition represents a major burden for public health systems, as it increases short and long-term morbidity and mortality in the offspring, particularly because of its association with the development of cardiovascular and metabolic disease in adult life. Objectives: The aim of the present study was to identify possible cardinal genes involved in intrauterine growth restriction associated with the development of obesity, hypertension and metabolic syndrome using bioinformatics tools. Methods: A total of 343 genes involved in the phenotypes of interest were obtained and 20 genes were identified as significantly relevant in the interaction network analysis. Specifically, four of these identified genes encode for growth factors or their receptors, VEGFA, PDGFRB, IGF1R and EGFR. We also identified genes related to insulin and cardiovascular homeostasis as CTNNB1, APP, MYC and MDMD2. Cluster analysis provided the most significant gene ontology terms, including those related to the biological processes of proliferation and programmed cell death, intercellular communication, protein metabolism and development of the cardiovascular system. Conclusions: The genes found in this study could be useful as putative biomarkers for the presence of cardiovascular and metabolic disorders associated with intrauterine growth restriction, or as potential therapeutic targets for treatment strategies directed to the patient's genotype.

Medicina y filosofía / Medicina y filosofía

La filosofía de la medicina es un importante campo de estudio que se ocupa de temas y problemas filosóficamente relevantes en el estudio y práctica de la medicina. Este ensayo es una primera aproximación, ubicándola en el contexto histórico desde tiempos hipocráticos hasta la medicina contemporánea. Se exponen intentos de delimitación del campo específico, desde criterios de médicos y filósofos de la antigüedad hasta el concepto actual de la primacía de la relación médico-paciente, abarcando áreas fundamentales como ontología, epistemología y ética. Se destaca el debate desde la década de los 70, mostrando las tendencias actuales negativa, amplia y específica sobre su posibilidad como disciplina específica, culminando con la presentación de los cuatro modelos de filosofía de la medicina propuestos por Edmund Pellegrino.

Philosophy of medicine is an outstanding study field concerning philosophically relevant subjects and problems in medical study and practice. This paper is a first approach, showing the historical context since Hippocratic to present times. Delimitation attempts for specifying the field are shown, from ancient physicians and philosopher's criteria to present primacy of the physician-patient relationship, covering fundamental areas as ontology, epistemology and ethics. Present debate starting the seventies is pointed out, displaying negative, broad and specific tendencies for its consideration as a specific discipline, concluding with the four philosophy of medicine models proposed by Edmund Pellegrino.

MCDB: A comprehensive curated mitotic catastrophe database for retrieval, protein sequence alignment, and target prediction

Mitotic catastrophe (MC) is a form of programmed cell death induced by mitotic process disorders, which is very important in tumor prevention, development, and drug resistance. Because rapidly increased data for MC is vigorously promoting the tumor-related biomedical and clinical study, it is urgent for us to develop a professional and comprehensive database to curate MC-related data. Mitotic Catastrophe Database (MCDB) consists of 1214 genes/proteins and 5014 compounds collected and organized from more than 8000 research articles. Also, MCDB defines the confidence level, classification criteria, and uniform naming rules for MC-related data, which greatly improves data reliability and retrieval convenience. Moreover, MCDB develops protein sequence alignment and target prediction functions. The former can be used to predict new potential MC-related genes and proteins, and the latter can facilitate the identification of potential target proteins of unknown MC-related compounds. In short, MCDB is such a proprietary, standard, and comprehensive database for MC-relate data that will facilitate the exploration of MC from chemists to biologists in the fields of medicinal chemistry, molecular biology, bioinformatics, oncology and so on. The MCDB is distributed on http://www.combio-lezhang.online/MCDB/index_html/.

A Critique Empirical Evaluation of Relevance Computation for Focused Web Crawlers

Abstract Analogous to the spectacular growth of information-superhighway, The Internet, demands for coherent and economical crawling methods are translucent to shoot up. Consequently, many innovative techniques have been put forth for efficient crawling. Among them the significant one is focused crawlers. The focused crawlers are capable in searching web pages that are suitable for the topics defined in advance. Focused crawlers attract several search engines on the grounds of efficient filtering, reduced memory and time consumption. This paper furnishes a relevance computation based survey on web crawling. A bunch of fifty two focused crawlers from the existing literature survey is categorized to four different classes - classic focused crawler, semantic focused crawler, learning focused crawler and ontology learning focused crawler. The prerequisite and the mastery of each metric with respect to harvest rate, target recall, precision and F1-score are discussed. Future outlooks, shortcomings and strategies are also suggested.

Psicologia e ontologia: fundamentos para uma reflexão crítica sobre a produção de conhecimento / Psychologie et ontologie: fondements d'une réflexion critique sur la production de la connaissance / Psicología y ontología: elementos para una reflexión crítica sobre la producción de conocimiento / Psychology and ontology: foundations for a critical reflection on the production of knowledge

Resumo Problematizamos a prática científica na psicologia e apresentamos elementos teóricos que possibilitam uma crítica ontológica a esse campo. Consideramos que falta à produção de conhecimento psicológico uma concepção ontológica sobre a sociedade, o agir humano e a produção do conhecimento, secundarizando a investigação e o debate a respeito do que é o próprio ser sobre o qual o conhecimento se debruça. Concluímos afirmando que tal postura resulta no aprofundamento das divergências entre as diferentes escolas da psicologia, notadamente de objeto e de método, e que é necessário aprofundar a análise no sentido de desvelar a concepção de ser humano que subjaz às diferentes escolas, criticando-a tendo em vista o sujeito concreto com o qual se lida nos diferentes contextos sociais.

Résumé Nous discutons la pratique scientifique en psychologie et présentons des éléments théoriques qui permettent une critique ontologique de ce domaine. Nous considérons que la production de connaissances psychologiques manque d'une conception ontologique de la société, de l'action humaine et de la production de la connaissance, mettant de côté l'investigation et le débat sur ce qu'est l'être même sur lequel cette connaissance se concentre. On conclut en affirmant qu'une telle posture a pour conséquence d'approfondir les divergences entre les différentes écoles de psychologie, notamment d'objet et de méthode, et qu'il est nécessaire d'approfondir l'analyse afin de dévoiler la conception d'être humain qui sous-tend les différentes écoles, en la critiquant au regard du sujet concret qu'elle traite dans différents contextes sociaux.

Resumen En este texto, problematizamos la práctica científica en la psicología y presentamos elementos teóricos que posibilitan una crítica ontológica a ese campo. Consideramos que falta a la producción de conocimiento psicológico una concepción ontológica sobre la sociedad, la acción humana y la producción de conocimiento, subordinando la investigación y el debate acerca de lo que es el propio ser sobre el cual el conocimiento se centra. Concluimos que tal postura da como resultado la profundización de divergencias entre las diferentes escuelas de psicología, de objeto y de método, y que es necesario profundizar el análisis en el sentido de desvelar la concepción de ser humano que subyace a las diferentes escuelas, criticándola al considerar el sujeto concreto con el que lidia en los diferentes contextos sociales.

Abstract We discuss scientific practice in psychology and present theoretical elements that allow an ontological critique of this field. We argue that the production of knowledge in psychology lacks an ontological conception of society, human action and the production of knowledge, relegating investigation and debate about the very nature of the object that science examines. We conclude by stating that this position results in further differences between the different schools of psychology, notably of object and method, and that a deeper analysis is needed in order to uncover the conception of human being underlying the different schools, criticizing it in view of the concrete subject that is dealt with in different social contexts.

A review on sentiment analysis in psychomedical diagnosis

As the research in sentiment analysis (SA) has reached the advanced level of maturity, scientific community is exploring possibilities of applying SA in different domains for which huge descriptive data is available. Researcher has developed tools for SA in commercial domains like feedback from customers, review rating of movie, political domains like exit poll prediction from tweets, etc. In medical science, huge data is available which can be used for predictive modelling. Psychomedical diagnosis is an interesting field which deals with exploring behavioural patterns to potential psychological problems. In the domain of medical science, little amount of work has been done in clinical SA. However, the efforts are at an elementary level in the course of research of SA for behavioural psychology. Hence, there is an opportunity of applying SA as the first step towards automatic psychomedical diagnosis of teenagers’ behaviour patterns.